William Henry Brooke, Preparatory Watercolor for “Slaves Shipping Cotton by Torch-Light” (1842) Livio Sanuto This map is among the

This map is among the most important government maps during the period of Texas independence

a mystery to this map: its mapmaker

fur traders

wreaths and clouds

PIERRE JEAN FRANÇOIS TURPIN (FRENCH

William Henry Brooke, Preparatory Watercolor for “Slaves Shipping Cotton by Torch-Light” (1842) Livio Sanuto This map is among theThis rare preparatory drawing by William Henry Brooke served as the foundation for an early published visual critique of slavery in the United States. Created for James Silk Buckinghams The Slave States of America (London, 1842), the image records forced labor along the Alabama River with emotional restraint and historical clarity. Buckinghams account helped shape British public understanding of American slavery and the growing abolitionist movement.